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Oxygen is almost always O (-II) in compounds.The exception is in metal hydrides (MH x). Alkaline-earth metals (those in the 2nd column of the periodic table): ox # = II.Alkali metals (those in the 1st column of the periodic table): ox.Pure elements (in their natural, standard state): ox.The following rules for assignment of oxidation numbers are listed in hierarchical order. Oxidation number exists in the corresponding oxidation state. Oxidation State: The condition of a species with a specified oxidation number. In the following redox reaction, which species is being oxidized? Which one is being reduced?Ī mnemonic you might find helpful to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is: Leo the lion goes ger. This redox reaction is actually the sum of two separate half-reactions (a reduction half-reaction and an oxidation half-reaction). So oxidation reactions need not involve oxygen. The Ce 4+ ion, which is reduced acts as the oxidizing agent. In this process the Fe 2+ ion is oxidized, but there is no oxygen involved in this reaction. For example consider the redox reaction shown below. Realized that this case (oxidation reactions involving oxygen) was just one possible scenario. Took place in oxygen, with oxygen being reduced and the other species being oxidized, hence the term oxidation reaction. Historically, the term "oxidation" was used because the redox reactions that were first systematically investigated Other words, the positive character of the species is increased. Oxidation: A process in which an atom loses an electron and therefore increases its oxidation number. Basically the positive character of the species is reduced. Reduction: A process in which an atom gains an electron and therefore decreases (or reduces its oxidation These reactions are important for a number of applications, includingĮnergy storage devices (batteries), photographic processing, and energy production and utilization in living systems State of the species involved must change. Redox reactions are reactions in which one species is reduced and another is oxidized. Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions, a common type of chemical reaction.